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<p>Preface xix</p> <p>Acknowledgement xxi</p> <p><b>Section I: Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Introduction to Next-Generation Materials for Biomedical Applications 3</b><br /><i>Arbind Prasad, Sudipto Datta, Ashwani Kumar and Manoj Gupta</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 4</p> <p>1.2 Advanced Functional Materials 5</p> <p>1.3 Market and Requirement of Next-Generation Materials 7</p> <p>1.4 Metals and Polymeric Biomaterials 8</p> <p>1.5 Bioabsorbable Biomaterials 8</p> <p>1.6 Processing of Bioabsorbable Polymeric Biomaterials 9</p> <p>1.7 Application of Next-Generation Materials in Biomedical Applications 11</p> <p>1.8 Latest Status of Next Generation Materials in ineering 13</p> <p>1.9 Bioresorbable Devices for Skin Tissue Engineering 14</p> <p>1.10 Challenges and Perspectives 15</p> <p>1.11 Conclusion 16</p> <p><b>2 Advanced Materials for Surgical Tools and Biomedical Implants 25</b><br /><i>Sudipto Datta and Ranjit Barua</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 26</p> <p>2.2 Application of Bioengineering to Healthcare 28</p> <p>2.3 Application in Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Medicines 30</p> <p>2.4 Application as a Disposable Medical Device 30</p> <p>2.5 Application as an Implantable Biosensor 32</p> <p>2.6 Conclusions 33</p> <p><b>3 Insights into Multifunctional Smart Hydrogels in Wound Healing Applications 37</b><br /><i>Sriparna De, Dipankar Das, Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar and Dipankar Chattopadhyay</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 38</p> <p>3.2 Architecture of Fabricated Hydrogels 40</p> <p>3.3 Bactericidal Effect on Wound Repair 41</p> <p>3.4 New Frontiers of Hydrogels in Wound Dressing Applications 44</p> <p>3.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 50</p> <p><b>4 Natural Resource-Based Nanobiomaterials: A Sustainable Material for Biomedical Applications 61</b><br /><i>Monika Singh, Murchana Changmai, Tabli Ghosh and Anugraha Karwa</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 62</p> <p>4.2 Natural Resource-Based Biopolymer 65</p> <p>4.3 Extraction of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials 70</p> <p>4.4 Biomedical Applications of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials and Their Nanobiocomposites 75</p> <p>4.5 Other Applications 88</p> <p><b>5 Biodegradable Magnesium Composites for Orthopedic Applications 103</b><br /><i>Anshu Dubey, Satish Jaiswal, S. Vincent and Vignesh Kumaravel</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 104</p> <p>5.2 Materials and Methods 113</p> <p>5.3 Results and Discussion 118</p> <p>5.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 126</p> <p><b>6 New Frontiers of Bioinspired Polymer Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications 135</b><br /><i>Sonika, Gopikishan Sabavath, Sushil Kumar Verma, Ram Swaroop and Arbind Prasad</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 136</p> <p>6.2 Methods to Prepare Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 138</p> <p>6.3 Magnetic Material – Polymer Nanocomposites 139</p> <p>6.4 Nanostructured Composites 146</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 147</p> <p><b>7 Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Composite Materials and Processing 157</b><br /><i>Atanu Kumar Paul, Shasanka Sekhar Borkotoky and Arbind Prasad</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 158</p> <p>7.2 Biomaterials 159</p> <p>7.3 Types of Biomaterials 160</p> <p>7.4 Structure of Hydroxyapatite 161</p> <p>7.5 Nanohydroxyapatite 165</p> <p>7.6 Cancer Detection and Cell Imaging 171</p> <p>7.7 Conclusion 173</p> <p><b>8 Self-Healing Materials and Hydrogel for Biomedical Application 185</b><br /><i>Arabinda Majhi, Megha Dhiman, Partha Roy and Debrupa Lahiri</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 186</p> <p>8.2 Self-Healing Hydrogels 187</p> <p>8.3 Mechanism of Self-Healing in Hydrogels 188</p> <p>8.4 Application of Self-Healing Hydrogel in Biomedical Application 199</p> <p>8.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 206</p> <p><b>Section II: Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Biomedical Applications 211</b></p> <p><b>9 Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite Processing for Biomedical Applications 213</b><br /><i>Hemant Kumar, Purnima Justa, Nancy Jaswal, Balaram Pani and Pramod Kumar</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 214</p> <p>9.2 Synthesis of Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite 216</p> <p>9.3 Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 218</p> <p>9.4 Bioinspired Materials 221</p> <p>9.5 Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems 224</p> <p>9.6 Artificial Organs 226</p> <p>9.7 Neuroprosthetics 229</p> <p>9.8 Conclusion 232</p> <p><b>10 3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Healthcare 241</b><br /><i>B. Mahesh Krishna, Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh and A. Gopichand</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 242</p> <p>10.2 3D Printing in Healthcare Technologies 243</p> <p>10.3 Four Dimensions Printing (4D) 243</p> <p>10.4 Transformation Process and Materials 244</p> <p>10.5 3D Printing’s Pharmaceutical Potentials 247</p> <p>10.6 Drug Administration Routes 250</p> <p>10.7 Custom Design 3D Printed Pharmaceuticals 253</p> <p>10.8 Excipient Selection for 3D Printing Custom Designs 254</p> <p>10.9 Customized Medicating of Drugs 255</p> <p>10.10 Devices for Personalized Topical Treatment 257</p> <p>10.11 Conclusion 262</p> <p><b>11 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications: Techniques and Emerging Trends 275</b><br /><i>Gourhari Chakraborty and Atanu Kumar Paul</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 275</p> <p>11.2 3D Printing Technologies 277</p> <p>11.3 Materials for 3D Printing 282</p> <p>11.4 Biomedical Applications: Recent Trends of 3D-Printing 288</p> <p>11.5 Challenges and Opportunities 292</p> <p>11.6 Conclusion 292</p> <p><b>12 Self-Sustained Nanobiomaterials: Innovative Materials for Biomedical Applications 303</b><br /><i>Sudipto Datta, Samir Das and Ranjit Barua</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 304</p> <p>12.2 Nanobiomaterials Applications 309</p> <p>12.3 Challenge in the Clinical Rendition of Nanobiomaterials 316</p> <p>12.4 Conclusion and Future Directions 318</p> <p><b>13 Residual Stress Analysis in Titanium Alloys Used for Biomedical Applications 325</b><br /><i>Gulshan Kumar, Rohit Kumar and Arshpreet Singh</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 326</p> <p>13.2 Methodology 331</p> <p>13.3 Results and Discussion 335</p> <p>13.4 Conclusions 341</p> <p><b>14 Challenges and Perspective of Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications 345</b><br /><i>Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh, A. Gopichand and Srinivasan V.</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 346</p> <p>14.2 3D Printing Applications in the Biomedical Field 347</p> <p>14.3 Multi-Functional Materials in 3D Printing 351</p> <p>14.4 Merits of AM in Medical Field 354</p> <p>14.5 Major Challenges of AM in Medical Field 355</p> <p>14.6 Major Challenges of AM 357</p> <p>14.7 Problems Encountered When Processing 360</p> <p>14.8 Challenges in Management 365</p> <p>14.9 Conclusion 369</p> <p><b>15 Metal 3D Printing for Emerging Healthcare Applications 383</b><br /><i>Sudipto Datta, Yusuf Olatunji Waidi and Arbind Prasad</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 383</p> <p>15.2 Metallic 3D Printing Methods for Biomedical Applications 384</p> <p>15.3 Biometals 3D Printing 391</p> <p>15.4 Future Direction and Challenges 397</p> <p><b>16 Additive Manufacturing for the Development of Artificial Organs 411</b><br /><i>Sudipto Datta, Ranjit Barua and Arbind Prasad</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 412</p> <p>16.2 3D Printing of Biomaterials 413</p> <p>16.3 Main Mechanisms of 3D Printing for Organ and Tissue Printing 414</p> <p>16.4 Techniques to Fabricate Tissues and Organs Using 3D Printing 416</p> <p>16.5 Application of 3D Printing in Implants and Drug Delivery 416</p> <p>16.6 Application 3D Printing in Orthotics and Prosthetics 417</p> <p>16.7 3D Printing Application in Tissue Engineering 417</p> <p>16.8 Future Scope 419</p> <p>16.9 Conclusion 419</p> <p>References 420</p> <p>Index 429</p>

<p><b>Arbind Prasad, PhD, </b>obtained his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam. He is currently an assistant professor and Head in the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, Posted at Katihar Engineering College, Katihar, Bihar, India. His main areas of interest include manufacturing, machining, polymer composites, biomaterials, materials processing, and orthopedic biomedical applications He has filled four patents, published more than 10 international journal articles, and edited three books. <p><b>Ashwani Kumar, PhD, </b>is<i> </i>a senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at the Technical Education Department, Uttar Pradesh (Government of Uttar Pradesh), India. He has more than 11 years of research and academic experience in mechanical and materials engineering. He has published 85 research articles<b> </b>in international journals and has authored/edited 13 books<b> </b>on mechanical and materials engineering. <p><b>Manoj Gupta, PhD, </b>was a former Head of the Materials Division of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National University of Singapore. He has published more than 600 peer-reviewed journal articles and owns two US patents and one trade secret. He has also co-authored eight books. He is currently among the top 0.6% of researchers as per Stanford’s List and among the top 1% Scientist of the World Position by The Universal Scientific Education and Research Network.

<p><b>The book provides essential knowledge for the synthesis of biomedical products, development, nanomaterial properties, fabrication processes, and design techniques for different applications, as well as process design and optimization.</b> <p>In origin, biomaterials can come from nature or be synthesized in the laboratory with a variety of approaches that use metals, polymers, ceramic, or composite materials. They are often used or adapted for various biomedical applications. Biomaterials are commonly used in scaffolds, orthopedic, wound healing, fracture fixation, surgical sutures, artificial organ developments, pins and screws to stabilize fractures, surgical mesh, breast implants, artificial ligaments and tendons, and drug delivery systems. <p>The sixteen chapters in <i><b>Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications</b></i> cover the synthesis, processing, design, manufacturing, and characterization of advanced materials; self-healing, bioinspired, nature-resourced, nanobiomaterials for biomedical applications; and manufacturing techniques such as rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, etc. <p><b>Audience</b> <p>The book is for engineers, technologists, and researchers working in the area of biomedical engineering and manufacturing techniques. It is also appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.

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