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Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Volume 3


Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Volume 3

Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps and Distribution Systems
Audel Technical Trades Series, Band 6 All New 4th Edition

von: James E. Brumbaugh

26,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 08.11.2004
ISBN/EAN: 9780764576263
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 704

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Beschreibungen

Keep it cool or heat things up<br /> <br /> This third volume of Audel's HVAC Library gives you a comprehensive, hands-on guide to installing, servicing, and repairing all basic air-conditioning systems in both new and older construction. You'll also find complete coverage of specialized heating units-radiators, radiant heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, heat pumps, and indoor/outdoor pool heaters, plus fans, exhaust systems, air filters, and more. It's what you need to complete your HVAC reference library.<br /> * Make accurate calculations for AC system output<br /> * Tailor AC systems for older construction<br /> * Learn to install and service today's popular electronic air cleaners and filters<br /> * Service less common heating systems such as coal-fired furnaces<br /> * Install, maintain, and repair humidifiers and dehumidifers<br /> * Handle radiators, convectors, and baseboard heating units
<p>Introduction xvii</p> <p>About the Author xix</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Radiant Heating 1</b></p> <p>Types of Radiant Panel Heating Systems 2</p> <p>Floor Panel Systems 2</p> <p>Ceiling Panel Systems 2</p> <p>Wall Panel Systems 5</p> <p>Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating 6</p> <p>System Components 6</p> <p>Designing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System 28</p> <p>Coils and Coil Patterns 41</p> <p>Installing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System (PEX Tubing) 44</p> <p>Servicing and Maintaining Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating Systems 49</p> <p>Troubleshooting Hydronic Floor Radiant Heating Systems 49</p> <p>Hydronic Radiant Heating Snow- and Ice-Melting Systems 51</p> <p>Electric Radiant Floor Heating 52</p> <p>Installing Electric Heating Mats or Rolls 58</p> <p>Installing Electric Cable 65</p> <p>Servicing and Maintaining an Electric Radiant Floor Heating System 67</p> <p>Troubleshooting Electric Radiant Floor Heating Systems 67</p> <p>Cooling for Hydronic Radiant Floor Systems 68</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Radiators, Convectors, and Unit Heaters 71</b></p> <p>Radiators 72</p> <p>Radiator Efficiency 74</p> <p>Radiator Heat Output 77</p> <p>Sizing Radiators 78</p> <p>Installing Radiators 79</p> <p>Radiator Valves 86</p> <p>Radiator Piping Connections 92</p> <p>Vents and Venting 93</p> <p>Steam Traps 99</p> <p>Troubleshooting Radiators 99</p> <p>Convectors 100</p> <p>Convector Piping Connections 101</p> <p>Hydronic Fan Convectors 106</p> <p>Troubleshooting Hydronic Fan Convectors 106</p> <p>Steam and Hot-Water Baseboard Heaters 107</p> <p>Construction Details 108</p> <p>Integral Fin-and-Tube Baseboard Heaters 112</p> <p>Installing Baseboard Units 113</p> <p>Baseboard Heater Maintenance 119</p> <p>Electric Baseboard Heaters 119</p> <p>Installing Electric Baseboard Heaters 124</p> <p>Kickspace Heaters 127</p> <p>Floor and Window Recessed Heaters 129</p> <p>Unit Heaters 130</p> <p>Unit Heater Piping Connections 135</p> <p>Unit Heater Controls 138</p> <p>Gas-Fired Unit Heaters 140</p> <p>Oil-Fired Unit Heaters 141</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Fireplaces, Stoves, and Chimneys 145</b></p> <p>Fireplaces 145</p> <p>Fireplace Location 145</p> <p>Fireplace Dimensions 146</p> <p>Fireplace Construction Details 149</p> <p>Firebox, Lintel, and Mantel 150</p> <p>Fireplace Hearth 151</p> <p>Ash Dump, Ashpit, and Cleanout Door 152</p> <p>Smoke Chamber 152</p> <p>Fireplace Dampers 153</p> <p>Modified Fireplaces 156</p> <p>Freestanding Fireplaces 157</p> <p>Rumford Fireplace 158</p> <p>Chimney Draft 162</p> <p>Chimney Construction Details 164</p> <p>Chimney Flues and Chimney Liners 165</p> <p>Smoke Pipe 167</p> <p>Cleanout Trap 168</p> <p>Chimney Downdraft 168</p> <p>Prefabricated Metal Chimneys 169</p> <p>Troubleshooting Fireplaces and Chimneys 169</p> <p>Stoves, Ranges, and Heaters 169</p> <p>Installation Instructions 177</p> <p>Operating Instructions 178</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Water Heaters 179</b></p> <p>Types of Water Heaters 179</p> <p>Direct-Fired Water Heaters 180</p> <p>Automatic Storage Water Heaters 180</p> <p>Multicoil Water Heaters 182</p> <p>Multiflue Water Heaters 183</p> <p>Instantaneous Water Heaters 184</p> <p>Indirect Water Heaters 185</p> <p>Quick-Recovery Heaters 189</p> <p>Slow-Recovery Heaters 189</p> <p>Heat Pump Water Heaters 190</p> <p>Combination Water Heaters 191</p> <p>Water Heater Construction Details 192</p> <p>Water Storage Tanks 193</p> <p>Tank Fittings 194</p> <p>Dip Tubes 194</p> <p>Anodes 197</p> <p>Valves 197</p> <p>Safety ReliefValves 197</p> <p>Vacuum ReliefValve 206</p> <p>Gas-Fired Water Heaters 209</p> <p>Storage Capacity 209</p> <p>Gas Burners 210</p> <p>Automatic Controls on Gas-Fired Water Heaters 210</p> <p>Combination Gas Valve 221</p> <p>Installation and Operation of Gas-Fired Water Heaters 225</p> <p>Hot-Water Circulating Methods 230</p> <p>Building and Safety Code Requirements 230</p> <p>Lighting and Operating Instructions 231</p> <p>Installation and Maintenance Checklist 232</p> <p>Troubleshooting Gas-Fired Water Heaters 233</p> <p>Oil-Fired Water Heaters 238</p> <p>Electric Water Heaters 240</p> <p>Troubleshooting Electric Water Heaters 242</p> <p>Manual Water Heaters 245</p> <p>Assembly and Installation of Manual Water Heaters 246</p> <p>Solar Water Heaters 246</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Heating Swimming Pools 249</b></p> <p>Classifying Pool Heaters 251</p> <p>Gas-Fired Pool Heaters 255</p> <p>Oil-Fired Pool Heaters 259</p> <p>Electric Pool Heaters 260</p> <p>Heat-Exchanger Pool Heaters 263</p> <p>Solar Pool Heaters 264</p> <p>Heat Pump Pool Heaters 267</p> <p>Sizing Pool Heaters 267</p> <p>The Surface-Area Method 270</p> <p>The Time-Rise Method 271</p> <p>Sizing Indoor Pool Heaters 271</p> <p>Installing Pool Heaters 271</p> <p>Pool Heater Repair and Maintenance 273</p> <p>Troubleshooting Pool Heaters and Equipment 274</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Ventilation Principles 281</b></p> <p>The Motive Force 282</p> <p>Inductive Action of the Wind 282</p> <p>Induced Draft 285</p> <p>Combined Force of Wind Effect and Thermal Effect 285</p> <p>Mechanical Ventilation 287</p> <p>Air Ventilation Requirements 287</p> <p>Roof Ventilators 289</p> <p>Types of Roof Ventilators 289</p> <p>Stationary-Head Ventilators 290</p> <p>Revolving Ventilators 290</p> <p>Turbine Ventilators 291</p> <p>Ridge Ventilators 293</p> <p>Siphonage Ventilators 294</p> <p>Fan Ventilators 294</p> <p>Components of a Roof Ventilator 295</p> <p>Motive Force to Cause Air Circulation 296</p> <p>Capacity of Ventilators 296</p> <p>Design and Placement of Inlet Air Openings 298</p> <p>Fresh Air Requirements 299</p> <p>Ventilator Bases 299</p> <p>Angle Rings 302</p> <p>Stiffener Angles 303</p> <p>Prefabricated Roof Curbs 303</p> <p>Ventilator Dampers 304</p> <p>Louver Dampers 305</p> <p>Sliding Sleeve Dampers 306</p> <p>Sliding Cone Dampers 306</p> <p>Butterfly Dampers 306</p> <p>Method of Calculating Number and Size of Ventilators Required 307</p> <p>Ventilator Calculation Examples 308</p> <p>Air Leakage 309</p> <p>Garage Ventilation 310</p> <p>Ventilation of Kitchens 311</p> <p>General Ventilation Rules 312</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Ventilation and Exhaust Fans 315</b></p> <p>Codes and Standards 315</p> <p>Definitions 315</p> <p>Types of Fans 317</p> <p>Furnace Blowers 319</p> <p>Basic Fan Laws 319</p> <p>Series and Parallel Fan Operation 321</p> <p>Fan Performance Curves 322</p> <p>General Ventilation 322</p> <p>Determining CFM by the Air-Change Method 323</p> <p>Determining CFM by the Heat Removal Method 325</p> <p>Determining Air Intake 326</p> <p>Screen Efficiency 326</p> <p>Static Pressure 327</p> <p>Local Ventilation 328</p> <p>Exhaust-Hood Design</p> <p>Recommendations 332</p> <p>Fan Motors 333</p> <p>Troubleshooting Fans 337</p> <p>Fan Selection 341</p> <p>Fan Installation 344</p> <p>Fan Installation Checklist 344</p> <p>Air Volume Control 347</p> <p>Noise Control 347</p> <p>Fan Applications 347</p> <p>Attic Ventilating Fans 348</p> <p>Exhaust Fans 355</p> <p>Kitchen Exhaust Fans 355</p> <p>Bathroom Exhaust Fans 356</p> <p>Whole-House Ventilation 356</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Air-Conditioning 361</b></p> <p>Properties of Air 362</p> <p>Humidity 362</p> <p>Temperature 365</p> <p>Pressure 368</p> <p>Compression and Cooling 370</p> <p>Measuring the Physical Properties of Air 372</p> <p>Cleaning and Filtering the Air 374</p> <p>Standards of Comfort 376</p> <p>The Comfort Chart 377</p> <p>Cooling Load Estimate Form 379</p> <p>Indoor-Outdoor Design Conditions 383</p> <p>Ventilation Requirements 384</p> <p>Cooling a Structure 386</p> <p>External Sources of Heat 386</p> <p>Internal Sources of Heat 392</p> <p>Calculating Infiltration and Ventilation Heat Gain 394</p> <p>Rule-of-Thumb Methods for Sizing Air Conditioners 394</p> <p>HVAC Contractor’s Cooling Load Estimate 395</p> <p>Using the ACCA Design Manuals for Sizing Air-Conditioning Systems 396</p> <p>Central Air-Conditioning 397</p> <p>Cooling Methods 397</p> <p>Central Air-Conditioning Applications 410</p> <p>Room Air Conditioners 421</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Air-Conditioning Equipment 423</b></p> <p>Mechanical Refrigeration Equipment 423</p> <p>Compressors 424</p> <p>Troubleshooting Compressors 430</p> <p>Compressor Replacement 435</p> <p>Electric Motors 435</p> <p>Troubleshooting Electrical Motors 436</p> <p>Gas Engines 437</p> <p>Electrical Components 437</p> <p>Troubleshooting Electrical Components 438</p> <p>Condenser 439</p> <p>Condenser Service and Maintenance 442</p> <p>Troubleshooting Condensers 443</p> <p>Receiver 443</p> <p>Evaporator 447</p> <p>Evaporator Service and Maintenance 447</p> <p>Troubleshooting Evaporators 447</p> <p>Refrigerants 448</p> <p>Liquid Refrigerant Control Devices 449</p> <p>Automatic Expansion Valves 449</p> <p>Thermostatic Expansion Valves 450</p> <p>Float Valves 453</p> <p>Capillary Tubes 454</p> <p>Refrigerant Piping 454</p> <p>Refrigerant Piping Service and</p> <p>Maintenance 455</p> <p>Troubleshooting Refrigerant Piping 456</p> <p>Filters and Dryers 457</p> <p>Pressure-Limiting Controls 457</p> <p>Water-Regulating Valves 458</p> <p>Automatic Controls 459</p> <p>System Troubleshooting 459</p> <p>General Servicing and Maintenance 460</p> <p>Regular Maintenance 463</p> <p>Pumping Down 464</p> <p>Purging 464</p> <p>Evacuating the System 464</p> <p>Charging 465</p> <p>Silver-Brazing Repairs 467</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Heat Pumps 471</b></p> <p>Heat Pump Operating Principles 471</p> <p>Heating Cycle 471</p> <p>Cooling Cycle 473</p> <p>Defrost Cycle 473</p> <p>Types of Heat Pumps 476</p> <p>Air-Source Heat Pumps 476</p> <p>Ground-Source Heat Pumps 481</p> <p>Water-Source Heat Pumps 483</p> <p>Other Types of Heat Pumps 485</p> <p>Gas-Fired Heat Pumps 485</p> <p>Dual-Fuel Heat Pump System 486</p> <p>Dual-Source Heat Pumps 486</p> <p>Ductless Heat Pumps 487</p> <p>Heat Pump Performance and Efficiency Ratings 487</p> <p>Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) 488</p> <p>Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) 488</p> <p>Coefficiency of Performance (COP) 488</p> <p>Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) 488</p> <p>Energy Star Rating 488</p> <p>Heat Pump System Components 488</p> <p>Compressor 490</p> <p>Indoor Coil and Blower 491</p> <p>Outdoor Coil and Fan 491</p> <p>Refrigerant Lines 491</p> <p>Reversing Valve and Solenoid 491</p> <p>Thermostatic Expansion Valve 493</p> <p>Desuperheater 494</p> <p>Control Box 494</p> <p>Fan/Blower Motors 499</p> <p>Heat Pump Defrost System 499</p> <p>High-Pressure Switch 500</p> <p>Low-Pressure Switch 501</p> <p>Other Electric/Electronic Heat Pump Controls and Connections 501</p> <p>Accumulator 501</p> <p>Room Thermostat 501</p> <p>Service Valves and Gauge Ports 502</p> <p>Gauge Manifold 503</p> <p>Filter Dryer 503</p> <p>Crankcase Heater 503</p> <p>Muffler 505</p> <p>Sizing Heat Pumps 505</p> <p>Heat Pump Installation</p> <p>Recommendations 507</p> <p>Heat Pump Operating Instructions 510</p> <p>Heating 510</p> <p>Cooling 511</p> <p>Heat Pump Service and Maintenance 511</p> <p>Service and Maintenance Checklist 512</p> <p>Adjusting Heat Pump Refrigerant Charge 513</p> <p>Troubleshooting Heat Pumps 514</p> <p>Troubleshooting Heat Pump</p> <p>Compressors 517</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers 519</b></p> <p>Humidifiers 521</p> <p>Spray Humidifiers 522</p> <p>Pan Humidifiers 523</p> <p>Stationary-Pad Humidifiers 524</p> <p>Steam Humidifiers 524</p> <p>Bypass Humidifiers 525</p> <p>Power Humidifiers 526</p> <p>Automatic Controls 526</p> <p>Installation Instructions 529</p> <p>Service and Maintenance Suggestions 534</p> <p>Troubleshooting Humidifiers 535</p> <p>Dehumidifiers 537</p> <p>Absorption Dehumidifiers 538</p> <p>Spray Dehumidifiers 541</p> <p>Refrigeration Dehumidifiers 541</p> <p>Automatic Controls 542</p> <p>Installation Suggestions 542</p> <p>Operating and Maintenance Suggestions 542</p> <p>Troubleshooting Dehumidifiers 543</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 Air Cleaners and Filters 547</b></p> <p>Electronic Air Cleaners 547</p> <p>Charged-Media Air Cleaners 549</p> <p>Two-Stage Air Cleaners 553</p> <p>Automatic Controls 554</p> <p>Clogged-Filter Indicator 556</p> <p>Performance Lights 557</p> <p>Sail Switch 559</p> <p>In-Place Water-Wash Controls 561</p> <p>Cabinet-Model Control Panels 563</p> <p>Installation Instructions 564</p> <p>Electrical Wiring 564</p> <p>Maintenance Instructions 565</p> <p>Replacing Tungsten Ionizing Wires 568</p> <p>Troubleshooting Electronic Air Cleaners 569</p> <p>Air Washers 571</p> <p>Air Filters 572</p> <p>Dry Air Filters 574</p> <p>Viscous Air Filters 574</p> <p>Filter Installation and Maintenance 575</p> <p>Appendix A Professional and Trade Associations 577</p> <p>Appendix B Manufacturers 589</p> <p>Appendix C HVAC/R Education, Training, Certification, and Licensing 601</p> <p>Appendix D Data Tables 605</p> <p>Appendix E Psychrometric Charts 643</p> <p>Index 647</p>
<b>James E. Brumbaugh</b> has spent twenty years in the residential and light commercial construction industry. An accomplished, hands-on educator, he has written more than fifteen books on HVAC, construction, and the building trades.
Keep it cool or heat things up <p>This third volume of Audel’s HVAC Library gives you a comprehensive, hands-on guide to installing, servicing, and repairing all basic air-conditioning systems in both new and older construction. You’ll also find complete coverage of specialized heating units–radiators, radiant heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, heat pumps, and indoor/outdoor pool heaters, plus fans, exhaust systems, air filters, and more. It’s what you need to complete your HVAC reference library.</p> <ul> <li>Make accurate calculations for AC system output</li> <li>Tailor AC systems for older construction</li> <li>Learn to install and service today’s popular electronic air cleaners and filters</li> <li>Service less common heating systems such as coal-fired furnaces</li> <li>Install, maintain, and repair humidifiers and dehumidifers</li> <li>Handle radiators, convectors, and baseboard heating units</li> </ul>

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